Arthritis of the knee joint (adotropic cancer, osteoarthritis) is the deformation and destruction of the cartilage, accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to loss of function or even disability.The disease more commonly affects women over the age of 40, especially those who are prone to occur.At a young age, jointness occurs due to injuries during exercise or hard sports work.If both legs are affected, the disease can be one or both.It is necessary to treat pathology in a comprehensive way.
Reasons for development
Depending on the cause of the disease, there are two forms of knee articularity:
- Basic;
- secondary.
The main form develops in childhood and is associated with improper formation of ligaments or joints, which are more deformed during physical exercise.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| reason | describe |
| Injuried | Fractures, dislocations, damage to meniscus.It is these factors that lead to the development of arthritis at a young age.In case of injury, it is impossible to bend and bend the limbs.Treatment involves temporary fixation of the legs, which worsens the blood circulation process.This becomes the reason for the joint building.When meniscus is removed, the disease occurs in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Load increases | They must correspond to a person's age.With excessive loading, micro-lineage and stretching occur, it is not always felt, but can cause significant damage to the condition of the joint.All movements during the exercise should be smooth.The most surprising knee joints are when running and squatting |
| overweight | This factor can cause meniscus damage.In full people, the recovery of the knee joint occurs longer because the extra load of excess weight falls precisely on the knee.Severe forms of arthritis caused by obesity occur along with varicose veins |
| The weakness of ligaments | This situation is often used in conjunction with what SO calls a mobile connector.In this case, a person's body has a flexible body that can sit on the twine without heat, if there is more damage, it can lead to microcurves and then arthritis.The mobility of joints may also be associated with impaired leg sensitivity, so a person will not feel hurt and pain |
| Joint disease | Arthritis usually occurs in the case of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive, or psoriasis).In this case, the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity will occur, resulting in damage to tissue and arthritis |
| Violation of metabolic process | Do not receive necessary minerals and substances if interference occurs in the fabric.Calcium deficiency negatively affects the condition of cartilage.This situation also leads to salt deposition |
| pressure | With continuous nerve stress and mood swings, blood circulation attenuation occurs in the legs, swelling and inflammation occur |
The disease can occur in one form (right or left) or bilateral form:
- Injury is the cause of arthritis.
- Obesity - bilateral.
symptom
The symptoms of the knee joint vary by stage of the disease.The classic order of their description is in the table:
| symptom | describe |
| Plug and click joint | Although tightening indicates the beginning of the process, this symptom is usually not noticeable.To determine its presence, you should place your hands on the knee cup and then slowly bend and take off your knees.It's easy to crunch or click |
| pain | At the beginning of the degenerate change, it is almost not obvious and is exacerbated after static loading (weight lifting).On the contrary, dynamic loading improves the nutrition of cartilage.Pain when erasing cartilage tissue is associated with exposure to nerve ends.As the disease progresses, the pain can be exacerbated as the inflammatory process and edema continue.The obvious development of inflammation is signaling pain even in static |
| Moving station | This usually occurs after nighttime sleep and lasts for 30-60 minutes.The fibrin membrane is formed during the inaction of the joint and after sleep, it is mechanically prevented from moving until it is partially erased.Stiffness of exercise that lasts for more than an hour indicates another disease |
| Reduce the magnitude of movement | It shows the impossible knee-leg to end impossible.The patient strives to reduce pain and tries to reduce foot movement.Over time, the ligament adjusts to a small amount of movement and shortens |
| Increase joint volume | It occurs due to swelling of soft tissue surrounding the joint and the growth of spikes along its edges, and as the disease progresses, it merges into an array |
| joint | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and with any displacement can cause pain.This occurs due to changes in the joint surface, where the inner ligament exceeds the natural ledge of the bone, causing it to stretch.The joint is fixed in a specific position and can only return to the initial position in the case of the reverse ligament of the ligament.In rare cases, blockages caused by foreign bodies such as part of meniscus can lead to joint gaps |
| Dislocation and subluxation | These diseases are discovered through advanced arthritis.If dislocation, the shaft of the leg moves to the side, and inserting the joint is very difficult.Subluxation is related to partial displacement of the joint surface relative to its normal position.In this case, the pain is obvious, but the lower leg tends to be slightly |
Disease degree and type
A 3-degree disease depends on the severity of the symptoms.
The first
First-level joint nature is almost asymptomatic.In this case, their characteristics are:
- Leg fatigue;
- There is a little pain after the load after the rest;
- Mobility decreased slightly after sleep;
- Very little - the accumulation of synovial fluid, leading to the formation of Baker's cysts;
The joint deformation is not obvious outside.In X-rays, the disease is either invisible or irregularly manifested on cartilage tissue and bone surfaces.Additional research is needed without failure.
The second one
In this case, the symptoms will be more obvious:
- Pain comes from minimum load, but after rest.
- Tightening occurs during exercise.
- Bending the legs becomes impossible.
- bones with joint changes;
- Synovitis progression;
- The shape of the joint is changed, which is related to the accumulation of fluid.
In X-rays, bone growth is obvious.
third
For third degree arthritis, the characteristics are:
- pain that is not related to load (can bother the joints even at night);
- totally interfering liquidity;
- The sensitivity of joints to weather changes.
X-rays showed changes in the cartilage and surface of the joint.The curvature of the legs leads to disability.
Deformed joints (DOA) are caused by bone deposition.Most of the time, overweight women suffer from their troubles.The main symptoms are acute pain and joint tightness.Treatment is initiated even in the initial stages - in this case, the chance of preserving cartilage tissue is high.
Depending on localization, arthritis may be:
- knee;
- hips (Coksartrosis);
- cervix;
- Shoulder;
- lot
- ankle;
- vertebrate.
Comprehensive treatment
The treatment for this disease is very long.In medicine, there are 3 main treatment stages according to the degree of the disease:
| Joint degree | Treatment measures |
| First |
|
| second |
|
| third |
|
drug
Drugs are based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Non-replacement anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticoid.
- Cartilage protector.
NSAID
This is a group of drugs that have anti-inflammatory, anti-drug and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Non-advantage.The anti-inflammatory effect of this drug is manifested in all tissues in the body, including healthy tissues.
- Selective.Directly focus on inflammation.
The most common side effects of these drugs are the formation of ulcers and stomach erosion and erosion of the 12-tail intestine.In addition, it is recommended to borrow funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not cause such negative consequences, so they can be used for a long time.
In order to quickly relieve pain and anti-inflammatory effects, an intramuscular injection of NSAID was prescribed.
Glucocorticoid
If NSAID is insufficient, these drugs should be prescribed.
Hormonal compounds used in joints are used only in topical form - as ointments or intra-articular injections.Glucocorticoid ointment cannot be used continuously for more than 7-10 days.Longer routes can cause skin atrophy at the application location.
When NSAID and painkillers and anti-inflammatory effects with hormone ointment are not enough, an intra-articular injection is required.
The effects of injections in the joints occur quickly: the patient feels relieved within the first half hour.The duration of the injection depends on the time the drug is in the joint cavity.This is affected by two factors - the amount of the drug and its consumption.The more damage the cartilage is, the more drugs are consumed.
Cartilage protector
The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is based on the delivery of substances needed to restore them to articular cartilage.During treatment with cartilage protective agent:
- No anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects;
- The therapeutic effect gradually occurs;
- It turns out that prevention is caused by further damage to the cartilage.
These drugs include substances that form articular cartilage:
- The structural substance of cartilage, which is necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for producing fluid in the joint.
It is necessary to take medication for a long time (3-5 months).
physiotherapy
Physical therapy for joints is a physical approach that has a beneficial effect on the state of the knee joint.The main condition for achieving a positive result is to correctly select the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is just an auxiliary tool.
This table describes the process used for the joints of the knee:
| Name | Influence | Duration of treatment |
| Electrophoresis using drugs | Under the influence of DC current, some drugs can be delivered to the deep tissues of the joints.Most commonly prescribed for anesthetics and chlorine drugs | Half an hour a day, lasting 2 weeks |
| Ultra-iron therapy | Using ultraviolet light, the active substance of the drug penetrates into the tissue.Hormones, anti-inflammatory and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes a day, lasting 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Activating specific molecules under the influence of light radiation beams helps restore metabolism and regeneration processes in fabrics | 7-10 minutes a day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Deep heating of the tissue occurs, resulting in the formation of substances that emit and recover reactions in the joints | 10 minutes.Treatment process - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetic therapy | Under the influence of high-frequency magnetic fields, changes occur in cells and tissues - membrane enhancement, metabolic processes are normalized | Each joint - 5-8 minutes and 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (cold air flows to -30 degrees), all basic systems will increase their functions, which will stimulate tissue recovery | 10 minutes and 10 days per joint |
When appointments are not made, some methods can aggravate the knee joint condition.
Surgical intervention
When the only way to treat is to replace the diseased joint with artificial replacement, the goal of the treatment is to maximize delay.Most of the time, such a decision is made in the final stages of arthritis.
The main methods of surgical intervention are:
- Arthroscopy.The puncture introduces special needles, which eliminate the growth of bones that cause pain and cartilage and debris.
- Prosthetic limb.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced with artificial joints.Modern prostheses are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of exercises for osteoarthritis help restore joint function and strengthen joint function.They should proceed slowly to avoid stretching the ligament.
describe:
- Lying on your stomach, slowly lifting your legs until you form the right corner.The main focus is on the muscles of the hips and lower legs.Back pressure should not be allowed.
- Lie on your stomach and lift your legs as much as possible.In this position, alternately reduce and reproduce them.This exercise is not for everyone due to the muscles that are trained in the press.It is not recommended to perform it on people with high blood pressure.
- Lying on the side, bend the legs below.Lift your upper leg and last for a few seconds at the apex.
- Climb onto the socks and stick to the back of the chair.Hovering on top while your legs are tight.
- Smoothly move one leg from the heel to the toe.The other foot is performing the opposite action - from toes to heels.
- Rinse the back of the chair, stand on the high heels, and lift the socks, gradually increasing the time.
- Stand, rubbing your legs from knee to thigh.
diet
There is no special joint diet.Power correction is designed to reduce weight loss, reduce inflammatory processes and enhancement of joint structures.
The diet should be balanced and contains high in vitamins and minerals.
Basic Principles:
- Limits to drinking salt (up to 5-8 grams per day) and any salt products (canned food, fries, salt).
- Exclude fried dishes.Bake food, cook, cook or steam it on low heat.
- Increase in liquid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to fractional nutrition.
- Use 2-3 fruits per day.
The following dishes are recommended:
- fish and seafood;
- nut;
- sunflower, olive oil and flaxseed oil;
- Low fat and chicken;
- Fresh berries and fruits;
- Vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- Whole-cereal bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folk Methods
Before using any civil remedies, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| raw material | Application method |
| Nettle leaves are equal to juniper berries, and honey is at a ratio of 1:3 |
|
| Roots, flowers or branches of black elderberry |
|
| Bare Leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dried mustard and honey (2 tablespoons), eggs |
|
| cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, calendula, calf equal amounts, petroleum jelly |
|
Knee joint arthritis is a serious disease that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms occur, it is recommended that you consult your doctor and follow all suggestions to avoid putting the disease to the final stage.